Weber in University Essay Example for Free

Weber in University EssayMax Webers (1958) one aspect of analyzing society involves rationalization in capitalism ( p. 13). His idea is that pursuit of capital is not just for the sake of earning but must also be reducedin a way that is calculating or earning more profit (Weber, 1958). Highlight of this is the Lutherian input that capitalism gives you a special duty. Fulfillment of that duty is the highest form of performing object lesson activity as this is moral obligation (spirit of capitalism) (Weber, 1958).Universities never escaped capitalism. It has even become the means for the reproduction of capitalism. University propagates the idea that a man needs to study to be able to practise where the higher education level he attains, the greater is his opportunity to earn more. It is similar with Webers idea on task specializationa student entering the university must choose his specialization or degree program. With this, universities earn profit because more students wa nt to get to college.The main idea beingness that when you get to graduate from the university with a degree, you atomic number 18 sure to land on a good job with good pay. But earning money is not the sidle up on getting a degree. Instead, it is inculcated as a moral obligation to the society which is parallel to Webers spirit of capitalism. A better particle of society is someone who works hard achieving his tasks than someone who does not strive for success. Looking at how university works, specific duties are performed by specific groups.Professors teach, administrative manages the university and some other groups for other significant tasks like counseling and housing for students who serves as the customers though not purchasing market goods but intellect and skills. These duties once fulfilled rationalize the profit earned by universities. Not only is mere fulfillment of duty considered a moral activity but as education is elevated and seen as significant, so are the pr ofessors who mold the future workforce of the world. It is indeed the highest form of moral activity literally and figuratively.These duties/jobs found in the universities comprise the repulseimportant concept for Weber and Marx. While Marx argues that there is no free labor since people have to sell their labor power to capitalist, Weber argues that interchange this is still wage-flexible and calculable (1920, p. 21). Good examples are the janitors and the professors. Both sell their labor power to owners of university. But since both has different labor power to offer (one on manual labor, other is teaching), there would be wage-differences.Thus, it shows how university truly has incorporated calculation with it being a business. As shown, universities, though seen as having noble purpose of educating, are still under the rationalistic capitalism that calculates, profit-oriented and involve special tasks. They bring to the society two valuable productsthe profit they earn in ter ms of money and the students who in turn earns money and profit for themselves after college. This is how universities pattern with Webers idea.ReferenceWeber, M. (1958). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. New York Scribner.

Top games Essay Example for Free

Top games EssayNearly any the children could do the above I consequently suggest that the game is appropriate for the age range I mean it for. Throughout this observation the children arrest gained developing co-ordination and control over the cards. They have employ fine motor skills to lift a turn over the cards, for the inaugural few times the children turned over the cards they had a little bother all of the children discovered however that if they slide the card to the edge of the table it was easier to pick up. They have also been learning approximately sharing and turn winning and how everyone has to have fair turns and not to hurry them along. They have been hypothecateing almost ordinal identification numbers ( prototypical second etc) and what number comes next, and also through my open-ended questions, rough lengths and sizes of the lines. B F Skinners theory of positive and negative reinforcement also fits in here. If a child gets a number and puts it in the correct order, they whitethorn be praised, told well done. There actions have been reinforced (positive reinforcement).On the other hand a child may not come first the first time they play the game, they may not like this feeling which would inspire them to really try the next time, although if they do not come first once again the may take a disliking to the game. I was fully prep atomic number 18d for the activity as all I needed was the game cards, I didnt need both additional resources. I discussed with my placement supervisor the suitability of the game and whether she thought it to be age and stage appropriate to these children.I was mostly completely planned and ready for this activity although it would have been helpful if I could have more(prenominal) time, there was enough time to play quite a few games, simply not all the children in the class got a chance to play and not also was that unfair to some of the children I could have benefited from seeing the entire class dealing with the game to support my evaluation more. As I have said the number of children in the group was correct it was easy to portion out the situation.I think that I gave clear instructions although it may have made more sense to the children if I had influence down some devoted ground rules at the start. Again the only thing that did not go to plan was the amount of time I had allocated for the game. The resources I made was suitable for its social occasion it lasted quite well and was quite durable as they were backed onto card I think in future I would laminate the cards so they were more durable. It did help the children to learn, but I think it would have been more helpful to them if the numbers were higher as most of the children already knew their numbers one to five dollar bill quite well.I could also have made different versions of the game such as, instead of trains I could do flowers or animals depending on what the subject they were focusing on at the t ime was. Mind map-China-I think that including the whole class was suitable because the children all gained feedback off each other. Although it was quite difficult to tell how umpteen of the children could count the suggestions as they all counted at the same time, some of the children could have been following what everyone else was saying.When the children were asked (separately) how many suggestions to make twenty? they took a little longer than I had expected to work it out but got it right in the end. Some of the children had a little prompting as how to work it out. As the suggestion about Chinese writing came up a lot I wasnt sure if the children were copying the first child who suggested it or whether they were going to suggest it in the first place. Tassoni and Beith (2002 p 400) state that between the ages of four and six years a child should normally beShowing more understanding and using discernment based on their experiences ? Starting to use and understand symbols e. g. reading and writing Again nearly all the children could do the above I suggest whence that this activity is appropriate for the age and stage of these children. The children have been learning in the area of knowledge and understanding of the world they have been thinking of past events that they could assort with the subject of China (e. g. I had a Chinese last night).The children have expanded in their knowledge of listen, not interrupting and waiting to be asked before speaking. They have also learnt a bit about how to discuss with people. They have also been learning about mathematics by counting how many suggestions are on the board and calculating how many more Again with this activity I can see where B F Skinners theory fits in. in a uniform way to the first activity if a child comes up with good suggestions they will get a well done.This will encourage them to think deeper to think of another suggestion to get the same praise (positive reinforcement). B F Skinne r also says that by ignoring certain behaviour it may disappear which could be done with the children that interrupt. Tassoni and Beith (2992 p 223) state that adults need to extend childrens vocabulary and help them to use language as a way of thinking, open questions can be used when working with children.This means asking questions where children have to give more than one worded answers during my activity I believe I covered this as I asked a few open ended and the children responded well. Children also need to learn the skills of listening and this means that we must be good role models for them by listening to them although the children were good at listening I still believe that I acted as a good role model to them by listening to all of the suggestions and not being dismissive.I wasnt prepared for the amount of suggestions that the children gave it may have been helpful if I had a spare piece of paper for such circumstances. I had discussed with my placement supervisor the s uitability of this activity I discussed whether it was age and stage appropriate and whether it was stimulating enough for the children to sit there for a while and stand attention. I think that the time I had allocated for this activity was appropriate the times were roughly similar when the children started to run out of suggestions and when we had to start the next activity.The activity was a success there was good feedback later on throughout the day and the children were also asking to have other people suggestions explained to them (showing they were interested in the subject). I had extra support from my supervisor to manage all of the children as it was a class of twenty-eight so it was managed quite well. I gave clear instructions about what we were doing but not about how they had to sit or that they had to wait to be asked. I think that it would have been beneficial to explain this before the activity was started to set down the ground rules.Other than this all went to p lan with the activity. Recommendations The train game when I asked the children the questions I often got one-word answers, in order to help them expand on the subject more, the adult in the situations asking more open-ended questions about the subject could do this. During the game I had two children with the same favourite colourise I dealt with this by playing two games, it may have been easier to ask the children to swap in the middle of the game or to not let the children conduct at all I could just deal the cards to them.I could also for future games keep the colours the same (starting cards one colour, number one cards another colour etc). In order for the children to progress, I could make other cards numbered up to ten, if this proved to difficult because of the amount of cards on the table they could be separated into two piles one to five and six to ten. I could also play the game backwards if they had managed it the pilot burner way well.I could make the cards colour co-ordinated e. g. either they have to get the whole set of one colour to win or that the blueprint is to make a pattern. The best way I think to extend this activity would be turning it into a quiz each child is asked a maths question, if they get the question right they can turn over a card if they get it wrong they will wait until their next turn. In this activity whatever the version an adult would need to be present to make sure the game is being carried out in the way planned, that the children are all taking turns and that the children are being sensible with the cards.

Starbucks †Going Global Fast Essay Example for Free

Starbucks Going Global Fast EssayControllable1) Promotion. I think that spending only 1% of revenue on advertisement is a bit too little and Starbucks should definitely spend much.2) Product. In Italy for instance food is popular in cafes. To on the fence(p) shops and be successful in Italy Starbucks should have more differentiated products.3) Price. Again in Italy price for coffee is a bit less than Starbucks proposes. The only track is to make the price less.Uncontrollable1) Starbucks tries to control competition for instance paying for rent twice as much, so competitors cannot get a place or renting empty space. Even though it seems to be controllable, customers can be unsatisfied because of that and also jobes can practice same strategy. It also can kick in to bad reputation (it is not nice to do so)2) Starbucks wants to enter French market. The main problem is strict regulations and labor benefits. Considering some problems with working hours and salary that Starbuck s had it would be hard to work in France.3) Italians know which coffee to drink. Considering this Italian coffee culture and the amount of competitors in Italy it leave alone be very difficult for Starbucks to be famous there.4) Cultural challenge is the main problem for Starbucks to be global. Every country needs to be treated differently. If in US people got use to very sweet coffee, in Japan they did not.Question 2Potential risks1) In my opinion potential risk is connected with dissatisfaction of employees. If Starbucks will not switch over its policies, salaries, working hours it will have problems with personnel. Potential solution could be identifying gaps connected with employees and try to make everyone happy. Increase the salary if needed, make the environment for employees friendlier, so they will stay and enjoy their work.2) Another risk is attracting next generation customers. Younger customers feel uncomfortable already, because almost all stuff is same age as they ar e. Some do not like the terminology. Starbucks can for instance change the terminology once in a while. Make it in different lyric every time. It also can hire more diverse workforce, young and not so young, different nationalities, so people will feel more comfortable.3) Because of complains of employees Starbucks can loose its reputation, which can decrease sales. Its good that Starbucks wants to increase its market share and income, but it would be bad if it will loose its reputation because of that. So it is better to focus on both things together.4) In international environment Starbucks faces a lot of risks. Cultural risks are the most important ones. For instance linguistic process differences, tastes and others. Managers of Starbucks should examine foreign cultures better to understand them and provide them with products they want.5) Competition is a big risk also. To be more competitive Starbucks should not loose its token and make the products more differentiated. As it says in the case study in Japan Starbucks lost 70% of its profits because of competitors. Its a huge vent and Starbucks should think and fight with competitors.Question 3Reading the case I noticed that Starbucks uses unethical strategy. Paying for empty space so competitors cannot make business there is unethical I think and it can damage the image of Starbucks. A lot of customers of Starbucks think of ethical part of the business and this strategy will probably make them think to go to Starbucks or other place. Another issue is that Starbucks experiences decrease in sales and tries to improve this aspect. But all efforts (Starbucks express, card etc.) do not give the desired outcome. There must be something wrong with their strategy. Low salary to employees is an issue too.Starbucks still does not have stores in 8 states in US. It is controllable. Starbucks can open its stores and make them successful there.Question 4Starbucks can improve the taste of coffee and make it like Jap anese people want. Examine culture better and understand what people want and need. Starbucks also can improve service or make better atmosphere. It also can renovate coffee houses. Develop new menu that will fit tastes of Japanese customers. Also Starbucks should always work and improve to keep customers arouse and fight with competition. Japanese people are busy, so maybe it would be convenient for them to buy coffee online.

Foreign Direct Investment On Host Country Economies

Foreign Direct investing On Host Country EconomiesGlobalization has changed companies world-wide activities over the socio- frugal class all over the world for well unquestionable and maturation countries (Stefanini2006). Globalization countries worldwide dissemination of the material and spiritual values are considered as beyond national borders, among countries in the economic, political and cultural values, variable gain, resolution of ideological distinctions based on the polarization of incompatible cultural values, beliefs and expectations and better recognition of the intensification of these relations, as well as homogeneity of the differences reached a development that would be correct. Another way, globalization of economic, political, social and cultural fields, some common values beyond the local and national boundaries are defined as the spread around the world.Globalization has been seen important advantage around the world countries and economies, creating grea ter unity in supranational business and finance and rapidly accelerating the integration of developing countries into the global thrift. Wit and Meyer(2005) suggested that in analysis of globalization has crucial importance which are Globalization of companies, businesses and economies. However, these trends get to not in any sense been universally positive for all the countries. in that respect are many reasons that globalization has negative involves to distinct countries well developed countries have seen benefit of globalization while poor and developing countries and economies have been faced negative result of globalization.The globalization is not just expand to enthronisation to other countries because it is effected the host countries economical social existing and future condition much(prenominal) as employment rate, GDP, increase technological skills and integration and dog border cooperation. Emerging and developing countries try to attract to invest unusual coronation with such as new regulations, law, reduce to borders to have global militant advantage to attract business firms because one of the most crucial issue of development is the enthronisation for the countries. It is not always to possible to cover all take investment by internal resources.The process of globalization, particularly orthogonal capital flows to developing countries is of great importance for the development and to attract and harvesting foreign investment is a great change to host countries especially in the developing countries. The multinational companies have reached signifi commodet transnational look at helping by improvement of operate, technologies.Foreign get up investment (FDI) decision of the firms is one of the crucial issues in term of the host country such as the market and political stead and certainty, benefits and alternatives shapes the entre strategies.Foreign Direct InvestmentDefinition of Foreign Direct InvestmentFDI can be descried that activities of a business of beyond the borders of the home country and the manufacturing go down to establish of existing production facilities by increasing its capital to a subsidiary of a FDI in the different country.In the worldwide perception, foreign trail investment (FDI) is delicate to economic situation of the countries. Allen and Edward (2008) mentioned that the inadequacy of data for surveillance remains an issue in many countries. FDI growth factors demand less(prenominal) of the observe and compliances to lure the investment leading to more exposure.It was reported by The World Bank (Investing Across Borders 2010) that in 1970 global FDI total $13.3 billion and in 2007 it was $1.9 zillion however in 2009 the economic rescission affected all type business trade and FDI in developed countries dropped 41% contrast in developing countries it was 35%.There is many benefits and disadvantages of FDI in the host countries. Business firms has facilitated many new jobs, develop the skills, new technologies on the other hand impact of FDI is not always positive for example competition with local business, environmental labour right issues, undermining local government(Navaretti and Venables 2004)Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) influences the economic performance and is given unlike advantages to firm thus reach cheap raw materials and natural resources in different geographies, cheap cost of manufacturing process, weak labour and health safety regulations, less taxing.FDI decision is one of the most important issues companies need to carefully reviews the conditions of the host country, in line with the market situation in which competing firms choose the way of investment. There is factors directly affecting foreign direct investment (FDI) desions such as political balance, low rates, indused policies.According to Sun(2009) linkages between domestic and foreign firms can similarly affect the export performance of domestic firms, which provides ye t another explanation for increased competition for FDI among host country governments.There are two sanctioned understanding of the effect of FDI, one of them is considered that this effect is positive and other twinkling believe refused it however spillover effect is still important matter for these two sides. (Aitken and Harrison 1999)Navaretti and Venables (2006) mentioned the FDI effect host and home countries in variety of ways and it can be structured in three way firstly product market personal effects these are the quantity and quality of home and host country and also competitive conditions of multinational and local companies. Secondly factors market effects can be expand as capital and labour and thirdly spillover which is effects of technological improvement in host country.FDI TheoriesVernon (1966) as cited by Bora (2002) examined Product life cycle model seeks to bridge international trade surmisal and individual firms perspective of investment in product developm ent and mentioned that there different level in the product life cycle in different multinational companies. The theory basically concerned that foreign direct investment (FDI) is major way to transfer new innovations and technology and assume three level of product life cycles.Caves(1971) as cited by Jones and Wren(2006) studied Hymers theory and relate Hymers theory of international production to the then current theories of industrial organization on horizontal which is firms product in foreign market and vertical integration which is different stage of production.Dunning (1997) developed OLI(ownership, location initials of internationalization) theory also known as eclectic theory. According to the eclectic theory multinational companies invest and acts to advantages of ownership advantages, location advantages, and internationalization advantages. Domestic and foreign companies can achieve competitive advantage in markets that are closely think to benefits.Foreign direct inv estment (FDI) studies regarded to positive effect of employment in host countries and emerge of economy. Chen (2000) mentioned that foreign direct investment(FDI) helps to improve knowledge skills and care to progress new technologies and adaptation to new ideas marketing and business strategies and also make attractive to other investors in host country.Foreign Direct Investment in ChinaChinas historical changes is an important example to progression communism and imperialism systems. Chinese communists have transformed their socialist ideology into a new national project that denes modernisation in globalist terms.(Harris 2005) Zhilong(2002) mentioned that China began to implement the opening-up policy and actively utilise foreign direct investment (FDI) after Deng Xiaoping had drive into power, which means that China did not open its domestic market until the early eighties. During the three decades from 1949 to 1979, China absolutely forbade foreign investments and hardly took foreign loans.Since agreement to the WTO in 2001 FDI growth dramatically and China has force biggest FDI share comparing in developing countries according to WTO(2008) China has incur the worlds third largest principal and manufacturer.WTO(2009), export of Chinese goods has determined that the first order and export of commercial services ranked Fifth in the world also China has become one of the largest importer in the world. One of the most well developed country Germany has ranked second in export of merchandise and export of commercial services was third. This report shows that Brazil and India other most emerging countries in FDI. Euromonitor (2010) indicates that Chinas export were valued Chinas exports were esteemed at US$119.9 billion in April 2010, up by 30.5% year-on-year and increase 24% than last year. The reason of increase of export was mainly growing machinery and electronics sales to USA, the EU and Japan. In addition in April 2010, imports went up 49.7% year-on- year to US$118.2 billion however The annual expansion in imports slowed compared to March 2010, when imports increased by a robust rate of 66.2% year-on-year to US$119.4 billion. In April 2010, China, open 7.2 billion U.S. dollars recorded in the previous month, according to the first time since 2004, recorded a trade surplus of $ 1,700,000,000. However, compared with a year ago, Chinas trade surplus shrank 87.0% in April of 2010.Muyuan(2011) argued that after earthquake in Japan there allow for be negative impact of FDI in China because Japan is the second foreign direct investment(FDI) country in China after Hong Kong. Japan FDI was $4.1 billion in 2010 and this figure corresponds to 3.9% of FDI in China. However Chinas economic growth is not just depend on FDI there is significant foreign exchange reserves and surplus even though it was believed that there will be long term impact of Japan FDI rise of economic growth in China.The massive expansion of the Chinese economy growth c an be described as a miracle comparing the improvement global export and has become an economic power in the world. Chinese companies ranked fall out list of leading global business firm over the years.Since economic development people lifestyle, consumer behaviour has changed in China.There is huge movement to pastoral area to big cities even though largest population still remains in the rural areas.There is different studies have defined FDI in different ways for instance according to Chen(2000) foreign direct investment defined as investment in which a firm acquires a substantial tyrannical interest in a foreign firm or sets up a subsidiary in a foreign firm or sets up subsidiary in a foreign country and also is one of the strategy to getting multinational. There is different ways to invest other countries such as licensing, franchising, joint venture, exporting, greenfield investment, merger and acquisitions.Foreign Direct Investment in BrazilFDI has crucial role in progress and improvement of Brazil economy and being attracted by many multinational firms. Over these progresses Government policies has been changed to make suitable to invest by firms.Euromonitor(2010) confirmed that Brazil has second foreign direct investment(FDI) inflow in the world. According to the central bank foreign direct investment in Brazil (2009) totalled $25.9 billon.The impact of FDI on Brazilian economy has been helped a number of ways for instance improvement policies, economical situation, political stability and increasing the countries reputation over the years.The growth of FDI has changed and increased productivity level, competitiveness and become more ease up since 1990s in Brazil.The spillover effect influence existing market and productivity of other firms also and it is more likely that products becomes cheaperThe foreign investors create outflow of personnel, management styles from the foreign firms to host companies. Moran(2004) mentioned that Citibanks initia teing program influend the financial sector and become a leading example to train their own employees in Brazil.FDI is not effect employment level also it may affect technological improvements which is called spillover effect which is transferred by firms and effect productivity, effiency and econimal growth.(Jones and Wren 2006)The growth of FDI has changed and increased productivity level, competitiveness and become more ease up since 1990s in Brazil.ConclusionThis essay aims to give an overview of foreign direct investment with main theories and examples from variety of countries. Activities of multinational companies effect in both home and host countries in the global world and also these activities have some advantages impact in short and long term prospects and significant effects on both sides.Over the past decades emerging countries have changed and improved existing economical and political situations to attract by and become very attractive for FDI and gain competitive ad vantages especially such countries China, India and Brazil become major host countries for international companies. Foreign direct investment has been effected economy, investment trade ,structure, envoriment and labour in host countries.

Hedgerow Management in Pastoral Landscapes

Hedgerow Management in Pastoral LandscapesAbstractHedgerows ar an serious part of the British landscape, providing some(prenominal) food and shelter for a amount of taxa. As part of the UK g overnments Environmental Stewardship (ES) Scheme, farmers are granted subsidies for, amongst other things, enhanced overr separatelyrow precaution. Although hedge counseling under(a) ES is expected to film beneficial personal effects for taxa such as invertebrates and birds, slight is known about the effects ES management will postulate on petty mammalianianian communities. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this enhanced hedgerow management is affecting hedgerow fountistics in idyl landscapes and whether thin mammal teemingnesss are make upd under ES managed hedgerows. Conservation lover strips (2m+ unimproved grassy margins) were investigated as a possible improvement to ES hedgerow management. employ live ho apply methods, I investigated teensy-weensy mammal abundances in ES managed hedgerows compared with non-ES managed hedgerows. Wood mice Apodemus sylvaticus and shore fieldmouses Clethrionomys glareolus were the most abundant species, with some captures of field of operation fieldmouses genus Microtus agrestis and common shrews Sorex araneus. weeny mammal abundances were increased in ES managed hedgerows, however, the posture of a preservation buffer strip was more(prenominal) epochal in increasing olive-sized mammal densities. ES management showed no definite effect on the hedgerows characteristics.IntroductionAgricultural intensification since the 1940s has led to general and significant reductions in the bio variation of many agricultural areas. This drive for greater yields has been linked with the population decreases seen in many species of farmland specialists and non-specialists who oftentimes inhabit farmland (Robinson and Sutherland, 2002). cultivated land habitats can be categorised into non-linear habitats such as set-aside, cropped field and wood areas, and linear habitats, generally field boundaries, such as ditches, banks, streams and hedgerows. These field boundaries remain relatively undisturbed areas and are therefore significant wildlife corridors in spite of appearance otherwise inhospitable agricultural landscapes (Tew, 1994).Although there continued to be a reduction in hail area of hedgerows in spite of appearance the UK during the 80s and early 90s, the last decade has seen olive-sized increases in the area of hedgerow as their conservation significance became more documented (Barr and Gillespie, 2000). This increase in the way out of hedgerows has been driven by government backed grants. Countryside Steward (CS), set up in 1991 encouraged selected farmers to enhance and conserve the wildlife in spite of appearance their farms, a turgid part of this involved the set of new hedgerows. The CS objects have now been superseded by the Environmental Stewardship Schem es. More recently, hedgerow grant pilot schemes have been set up in a number of regions to encourage landowners, both farmers and non-farmers to manage their hedgerows more effectively these grants are available to pay for gapping up, hedge laying or coppicing.Small mammals in pastoral land are badly confined to hedgerows or other non-crop features and are therefore particularly vulnerable to intensification (Bates and Harris, 2009). Small mammal species constitute the main prey biomass for a number of species of mammals and birds, and therefore itty-bitty mammal abundance directly influences the abundance and diversity of predator species add to the complexity of local food webs (Korpimaki and Norrdahl, 1991). at that place remains some debate on the importance of linear habitats for small mammals, with some declare oneselfing that they cannot support viable populations, that those prepare in hedgerows are sink populations (Tattersall et al. 2004). However, there is evidence t hat small mammal abundance and diversity does not depend on the linear or non-linear character of the habitat and that linear habitats can support viable populations (Gelling et al. 2007). Thus, in large expanses of uninhabitable grassland, field boundary hedgerows are of great importance for maintaining small mammal populations in an agricultural landscape, but differing farming practices can lead to a huge variety in the quality of these habitatsAs the emphasis of farming has shifted there have been a number of agri-environment schemes introduced across Europe with the aim of reversing the effects of previous intensification and enhancing agricultural land for wildlife (Kleijn and Sutherland, 2003). The UK introduced a new set of farming standards in 2005 with farmers now guaranteed subsidy payments, known as cross-compliance, as long as they follow a set of prescribed conditions aimed at improving the environmental pass judgment of their farms. A compulsory code of good practice will preclude farming land within 2 m of the centre of a hedge (DEFRA, 2005a). Beyond cross-compliance subsidies, farmers can also apply to put their farmland into Environmental Stewardship (ES). ES is a tiered system, with Entry-Level ES designed to allow most farmers glide slope to the payments by compiling a farm management plan that aims to improve the features of their farm for wildlife and to maintain/improve the scenic value of the British countryside. The enhanced hedgerow management option within ES requires that the farmer skip over the hedge no more than once every 2 years, that hedgerows are cut during the wintertime and that cutting be staggered across the farm. The combined aim of these prescriptions is to ensure that at least some of the hedgerow is allowed to flower every summer (Defra, 2005b).Properly managed hedgerows are valuable features, playing a key role in enhancing the wildlife value of farmland. Flowering hedgerows are an important source of food and sh elter for a number of birds (Hinsley and Bellamy, 2000). Studies suggest that the ES schemes will have a beneficial effect, mainly for taxa such as invertebrates and birds (Kleijn and Sutherland 2003), Whittingham (2007) emphasizes the importance of monitoring the effects of ES to ensure that the schemes prescriptions meet the exacts of a greater range of species. It is a good deal less nearly understood how the changes to hedgerow management will effect small mammal abundance, and it is important that there is greater understanding of the factors that influence small mammal populations since small mammals provide the major source of prey biomass for many big predators ( respect et al., 2000). Small mammals also play a role in a range of important ecosystem processes (Hayward and Phillipson, 1979).Previous studies have established the main effects of change hedgerow management within arable landscapes (Shore et al. 2005). Arable environments provide cover for small mammals due to the height and density of the crop. Small mammals have been shown to make essential use of the field at certain times of the year (Tattersall et al. 2001 Tew et al. 2000 Todd et al. 2000). However, no small mammal species have been shown to make use of agriculturally improved pastoral fields at any time of year (Montgomery and Dowie 1993). Grazed pastoral land provides very little cover, restricting the movements of resident small mammal communities. Therefore, hedgerow management in predominantly dairy and cattle areas will likely have a large influence on the success of small mammal populations (Gelling et al. 2007). In particular, the level of solid realm cover vegetation along the hedgerow and the presence of some form of non-farmed margin can significantly affect the small mammal abundance (Bates and Harris 2009, Gelling et al. 2007). The 2m margin prescribed by cross compliance is irrelevant in terms of providing cover within pastoral landscapes. Although the 2m margin remains jolty and clear of interference from the farmer (no fertilisers), year round range will mean that little cover is offered right up to the base of the hedgerow. Therefore, whereas ES management whitethorn boost small mammal numbers within arable areas (Shore et al. 2005), the value of ES hedgerow management within pastoral landscapes is less well understood. I utilised a number of hedgerow sends to compare hedgerow structure and small mammal communities on ES farms versus non-ES farms. For each farm, one site was selected to be representative and one to include a significant (2m plus) conservation buffer strip of unimproved, non-grazed grass/shrubland. I aimed to investigate (i) how ES management effects the hedgerow characteristics, in particular the level of ground cover for small mammals (ii) whether these ES prescriptions are providing any significant benefit for small mammal densities and (iii) as the movements of small mammals within pastoral landscapes are so restr icted, could small mammal assemblages in hedgerows be significantly improved by including an unimproved, non-grazed, grassy margin or conservation buffer strip (2+m from the edge of the hedgerow).MethodsSitesThe study was conducted over 20 different farms spread across County Durham and Northumberland. The farms were selected due to their suitability for this study, each farm containing both a hedgerow site with a conservation buffer strip and at least one without. All farms selected were representative in terms of habitat of those within the local area. A hedgerow was defined as a continuous line of woody vegetation no more than 3m tall.Hedgerow SurveyThe farms were mated, with one ES farm neighbouring a non-ES farm, making 10 farm pairs and 20 farms in total. Hedgerow surveys were carried out throughout June 2009. 10 hedgerows were randomly selected on each farm. All hedgerows on each farm were surveyed using an edited version of the Defra Hedgerow Survey Form and handbook (DEFRA, 2007). for each one hedgerow was measured to determine its cross-section(a) area. The character of the hedgerow was scored by reference to a series of standard diagrams, noting the level of available ground level cover for small mammals (1=little or no vegetation cover at ground level, 2=gappy cover at ground level, 3= incessant vegetation cover from hedgerows at ground level). Additional variables were recorded, including whether the hedge had been flailed (mechanically cut) recently, i.e. during the previous winter, the number of standard and veteran trees and the number of woody species within the hedgerow. The data sets for cross-sectional area, level of ground vegetation cover and the number of woody species were averaged to cause an overall mean value for each farm. The number of flailed hedgerows was summed to give an overall voice of hedgerows flailed on each farm.Trapping ProcedurePrevious living accommodations studies have shown that, unlike in arable land, small mamm als within pastoral land brook almost entirely within the hedgerows and therefore hedgerows can be treated as linear habitats (Gelling et al. 2007). Trapping was carried out in two major trapping sessions, mid-April to June and mid-July to August, 2009. Within each of the 20 farm sites I selected a representative hedgerow and a hedgerow flanked by an unimproved 2m+ grassy margin, designated a conservation buffer strip, making a total of 40 trapping sites. Where possible the hedgerow sites were selected randomly, however, each ES site was required to have been managed according to the prescriptions of Stewardship farming, i.e. the hedgerows were cut not more than once every two years and the farmers adhered to the prescribed 2m margin of non-interference (2m from the centre of the hedge) (DEFRA 2005a, DEFRA 2005b). Every hedgerow selected was flanked by improved or semi-improved grassland for the grazing of dairy cattle and/or the production of silage. At each site, a 104m section o f isolated hedgerow (not directly connected to woodland) was selected.13 Longworth traps were placed at ground level within the hedgerow, at 8m intervals. Traps were provisioned with hay, apple, oat grains and dried mealworm. The traps were set at dusk and checked at dawn and dusk for three days. All targeted animals that were captured were fur-clipped to help locate re-captures. Species, sex and weight were recorded for each animal forrader release at the point of capture.AnalysisHedgerow characteristics were recorded and analysed using a paired measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) (SPSS 17.0.2). I had multiple dependent variables that I wished to analyse, however, using multiple one-way ANOVAs to try to do this would have raised the chance of a Type I error (Gibson et al. 2007). Therefore the data was investigated using a MANOVA which controls the experiment-wide error rate. Multiple dependent variables that were related (e.g. Cross sectional area of hedge and a mount of ground cover, etc.) were analysed in one test, with the hedgerow management (ES managed or non-ES managed) being treated as the two levels of the treatment factor (Gibson et al. 2007). There was a total of 4 dependent variables the mean cross-sectional area, the percentage of flailed hedgerows, the average number of woody species and the mean level of ground cover.For each trapping session the relative density was estimated as the minimum number alive (MNA), or the total number of individuals caught over the three days. Species richness was calculated as the number of different species caught. Using General Linear Modelling (GLM Minitab 15), I examined the kinships between small mammal densities and a number of predictor variables. The dependent variables I investigated were the overall total small mammal density (MNA) and the total biomass of all small mammals caught within 104m. I also investigated the density of each individual species, constructing similar models for the number of captures and biomass for each individual species. I foc utilize on wood mice Apodemus sylvaticus and bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus. There were also some captures of field voles Microtus agrestis and common shrew Sorex araneus, these data were not investigated individually but were included in the total density of small mammals and the total biomass. The predictor variables considered were the presence/absence of ES management, the presence/absence of a conservation buffer strip and the number of standard and veteran trees within the hedgerow. The relationships were analysed using a reversed stepwise GLM, with all main predictors and their first order interactions initially included within the model. The insignificant interactions were then removed. Each trapping session was carried out over 3 days on 4 sites on neighbouring farms, the variation between trapping locations and times was taken into account by including the variable block within the initial model, ho wever, it was found to have no significance and was therefore removed from the final model. There are well documented timeal variations in small mammal abundance (Alibhai and Gipps 1985 Flowerdew 1985 Butet et al. 2006), therefore, as there were two major trapping seasons (mid-April to May and Mid-June to July) I included the variable season in all models. The number of captures of field voles and common shrew were too low to allow thorough analysis however, the number of captures for each species was investigated using a Kruskal-Wallis test (Minitab 15) to determine the relationship between the presence of a buffer strip and their individual abundance.ResultsThe total number of catches was 276 individual small mammals of four different species, during 240 trap sessions (dusk till dawn and dawn till dusk). The most abundant species were wood mice, making up 45% of the captures, 11% of which were juveniles, with a total capture of 122 individuals (61 in the first season of trapping and 61 in the second season). 32% (89 individuals) of captures were bank voles, none of which were juveniles, with 26 captures in season 1 and 53 captures in season 2. 17% of captures (48 individuals) were common shrews and 6% (17 individuals) were field voles.Table 1. Summary of the number of captures for each speciesTotal Wood mice Captured date 1 (juveniles) / time 2 (juveniles) Bank vole date 1 / Season 2 Field vole Season 1 / Season 2 Common shrew Season 1 / Season 2 Total Season 1 / Season 2 Total N trapped throughout study 122 61 (2) / 61 (11) 89 36 / 53 17 4 / 13 48 28 / 20 276 129 / 147 character of total 44 33 6 17 100 circumstances of hedgerows present 93 46 23 45 Effect of ES Management and Buffer stripsA total of 40 hedgerows were surveyed with 20 hedgerows under ES hedgerow management and 20 hedgerows under non-ES management. ES sites had been under ES hedgerow management for 2 years or more. The measured dimensions of the hedgerow were used to estimate the hedgerow cross sectional area. Analysis using a paired measures MANOVA found no significant difference in the size of ES managed hedgerows to the size of non-ES managed hedgerows (F(1,9)=0.847, P=0.381). ES management also had no significant effect on the percentage of flailed hedgerows within the farm (F(1,9)=0.019, P=0.889). The woody species diversity within hedgerows was not significantly different between ES managed hedgerows and non-ES managed hedgerows (F(1,9)=3.047, P=0.115). There was a significant positive association of the presence of ES hedgerow management with the level of woody vegetation cover at ground level (F(1,9)=10.613, P=0.010).Table 2. Comparisons of hedgerow characteristics on ES managed farms versus non-ES managed farms. Data were analysed using a paired MANOVA.Mean (SE) Hedgerow characteristic Description of measurement ES Non-ES F(1,9) P Area Average cross sectional area/m2 2.99 (0.12) 2.83 (0.14) 0.847 0.381 Flailed Percentage of hedgerows that had b een recently flailed (flailed during previous Winter) 26.00 (2.21) 25.00 (6.54) 0.019 0.893 Species diversity Number of woody species 3.16 (0.24) 2.73 (0.27) 3.047 0.115 Small mammal cover Average Area of small Mammal cover (1=little or no vegetation cover at ground level, 2=gappy cover at ground level, 3=constant vegetation cover from hedgerows at ground level) 2.63 (0.87) 2.13 (0.11) 10.613 0.010Small Mammal AssemblagesBackward stepwise general linear modelling was used to analyse the data. The results showed that buffer strips have a significant effect on the total number caught within the hedgerow (F(1,35)= 16.29, PA GLM for total biomass showed similar results with Season (F(1,34)=0.83, P=0.369) and the number of standard trees (F(1,34)=1.12, P=0.298) both having no significant effect on the total biomass. ES management had a positive association with total biomass (F(1,34)=4.92, P=0.033), as did the presence of a buffer strip (F(1,34)=27.62, PWood mice were the most common spe cies trapped, contributing 45% of the captures. The factors affecting wood mice captures were analysed using a backward stepwise GLM. Season had no significant effect (F(1,34)=2.36, P=0.134). Unlike the model involving total captures, ES management (F(1,34)=0.07, P=0.798) and Buffer flight strip (F(1,34)A backward stepwise GLM was constructed for both bank vole captures and the total bank vole mass, both models produced similar results. Season had no effect on bank vole captures (F(1,35)=2.06, P=0.160) and total bank vole mass (F(1,35)=1.66, P=0.206). The presence of ES management on the hedgerow had a significant positive effect on the number of bank vole captures (F(1,35)=7.15, P=0.011) and on the total bank vole mass (F(1,35)=5.91, P=0.020). The presence of a buffer also had a significant effect, increasing the number of bank vole captures (F(1,35)=34.90, PTable 3. Summary statistics from general linear modelsModel Variables F P Adj. R2 Total Captures Season F(1,35)=1.09 0.305 5 3.79% ES Managed F(1,35)=5.23 0.028a Buffer Strip F(1,35)=16.29 Standard Trees F(1,35)=0.91 0.346 Total Biomassc Season F(1,34)=0.83 0.369 65.32% ES Managed F(1,34)=4.92 0.033a Buffer Strip F(1,34)=27.62 Standard Trees F(1,34)=1.12 0.298 Season*Buffer Strip F(1,34)=3.18 0.083b Wood Mice Captures Season F(1,34)=2.36 0.134 79.72% ES Managed F(1,34)=0.07 0.798 Buffer Strip F(1,34) Standard Trees F(1,34)=79.65 Season*Standard Trees F(1,34)=4.81 0.035a Total Wood Mice Massd Season F(1,35)=1.36 0.252 69.06% ES Managed F(1,35)=0.26 0.616 Buffer Strip F(1,35)=0.05 0.831 Standard Trees F(1,35)=49.03 0.003a Bank vole Captures Season F(1,35)=2.06 0.160 54.76% ES Managed F(1,35)=7.15 0.011a Buffer Strip F(1,35)=34.90 Standard Trees F(1,35)=4.41 0.043a Total Bank Vole Masse Season F(1,35)=1.66 0.206 50.74% ES Managed F(1,35)=5.91 0.020a Buffer Strip F(1,35)=28.11 Standard Trees F(1,35)=2.32 0.137a Significant to the 95% confidence level b Significant to the 90% confidence lev el c Total Biomass was square root transformed sooner analysis. d Wood Mice Mass was square root transformed before analysis. e Bank Vole Mass was square root transformed before analysis.A total of 17 field voles were captured, with all 17 trapped in hedgerows flanked by a conservation buffer strip. A total of 48 Common shrews were trapped, 81% of which were caught in hedgerows not flanked by a buffer stripTable 4. Non-target species captures. Effect of buffer strip, analysed using Kruskal-Wallis test.Total Captures Species Buffer Strip Present No Buffer Strip H P (adjusted for ties) Field vole 17 0 8.30 0.004 Common shrew 9 38 12.73 handlingHedgerow characteristics are known to affect small mammal numbers. Hedgerows with many gaps and a lack of ground cover support significantly lower small mammal populations (Gelling et al. 2007). Small mammals will select against hedgerows with a lack of vegetative cover due to the increased risk of predation (Orrock et al. 2004). Our resul ts suggest that ES farms produce denser hedgerows with more cover at the ground level than non-ES farms. This is reflected in the small mammal survey which shows a somewhat strong association between small mammal numbers and ES hedgerows. However, having surveyed the farms and the farmers, I acknowledge that a wide number of variables affect the characteristics of the hedgerow. I suggest that the state of the hedgerows for small mammals is more significantly affected by the mindset of the farmer. Those farmers who have moved onto the Entry level ES scheme are generally those who most actively manage their farm. iodine supporting piece of data for this theory, is the number of flailed hedgerows on ES farms compared to non-ES farms. The hedgerow survey found that there were no differences in the number of recently flailed hedgerows within ES farms compared to non-ES farms, therefore, even though the cutting of hedgerows on ES farms is restricted, it still occurs as often on the ES fa rms within this survey than on the non-ES farms. The touch is that those farmers who are on the ES scheme are more actively involved in managing their farm, including their hedgerows, therefore hedgerows on ES farms commonly provide denser vegetation, less gaps and more cover at ground level. The typical ES farmer is more actively managing the hedge as a boundary or barricade to cattle than the typical non-ES farmer. The author suggests this conclusion having discussed hedgerow management with the farmers as part of the hedgerow survey and having a background in agriculture, however, it is also value that this topic goes beyond the scope and available data of this investigation.Hedgerows can be thought of as corridors linking woodland habitat, allowing small mammal migration (Soule and Terbough 1999), however, within the British pastoral landscape, hedgerows are often acting as the sole habitat for small mammals (Fitzgibbon 1997). My investigation found that the ratio of juvenile to adult wood mice increased during the season, with greater numbers present later in the summer, this is consistent with the observations of others (Alibhai and Gipps 1991, Flowerdew 1991). The breeding season for most small mammals begins in spring and ends in late summer, therefore it is rude(a) that more juveniles are present in hedgerows as the summer progresses and they travel outward to establish their own home ranges. The presence of fully grown, breeding adults in both seasons of trapping indicates that animals are resident within the hedgerows, providing support for the argument that linear habitats can provide suitable habitat to support viable populations of small mammals.My results show that the total small mammal abundance and therefore the availability of prey biomass for predators is increased in hedgerows under ES management. The results of the hedgerow survey suggest that there is greater ground level vegetation cover in ES hedgerows. An increase in the amount of physical habitat creates greater run opportunities and can increase small mammal abundance (Gelling et al. 2007). Small mammals prefer hedgerows with greater ground level cover as they provide better mental institution from predators (Orrock et al. 2004).Whereas the benefits of ES management for small mammal abundance remain unclear, this investigation highlights the importance of buffer strips. The value of unimproved grassy margins, in arable landscapes, for small mammal numbers has already been shown (Shore et al. 2005). This study suggests that the presence of a buffer strip along a hedgerow can provide a much improved habitat to support larger small mammal numbers in hedgerows within pastoral landscapes. Grassy margins are a refuge for small mammals beyond the hedgerow they allow increased safety for foraging and greater shelter (Orrock et al. 2004).To understand the variation in the numbers trapped of each species, we need to establish an understanding of the differing ecol ogical requirements for each species. The two most abundant species were the wood mouse and the bank vole. The results show that wood mice are found in greater numbers in hedgerows containing standard/veteran trees. This conclusion is supported by previous studies which have shown that trees within hedgerows are beneficial for wood mice (Montgomerie and Dowie, 1993). Mice often take shelter in burrows formed beneath trees/within tree roots which may suggest why this species was found more commonly within hedgerows containing standard/veteran trees (Montgomerie and Dowie, 1993). Wood mice are a generalist species occupying a wide variety of habitat (Flowerdew 1993). They general occupy a relatively large home range and travel extensively, consuming a wide range of food sources depending upon season and availability (Flowerdew 1993). This is reflected in the results, with wood mice having been trapped in 93% of all the hedgerows. The results also show that wood mice abundance is not a ffected by ES management for hedgerows, nor is it significantly improved by the presence of a buffer strip. Wood mice have been shown to avoid hedgerows with major gaps, and wood mouse captures have been shown to increase with proximity to woodland (Gelling et al. 2007). Wood mice have relatively large home ranges and the suggestion is that individuals rarely stay long within any one hedgerow rather they travel through, utilising hedgerows for foraging and shelter between woodland (Montgomery and Dowie 1993 Gelling et al 2007 Todd et al 2000 Tew et al. 2000). Therefore, ES management and the presence of buffer strips have little effect on the number of wood mouse captures more important is the proximity to woodland or the presence of trees within a hedgerow which provide the preferred shelter for the wood mouse (Todd et al. 2000 Tew et al. 2000).Bank voles are a more specialist species, and generally occupy much smaller home ranges than do wood mice. They are burrowers, using ground vegetation to create runs and pathways in deciduous habitats (Morris 1982 Alibhai and Gipps 1985). Bank voles are a major prey resource for a number of raptorial birds and bank vole abundance has been shown to significantly affect raptor populations (Korpimaki and Norrdahl, 1991). Other studies have found that bank vole numbers are positively associated with the size of hedgerows (Pollard Relton, 1970 Tew, 1994 Bellamy et al., 2000). Grassy margins of 2m plus have been shown to significantly increase bank vole numbers in arable fields (Shore et al. 2005), my results show that this conclusion extends to pastoral landscapes with bank vole numbers being significantly increased by the presence of an unimproved grassy margin or conservation buffer strip. The results also suggest that ES management improves hedgerows for bank voles, with bank vole abundance found to be significantly higher on ES hedgerow sites. Bank voles are found in much greater abundance in areas which provide thick ground vegetation and suffer little disturbance (Tew 1994), my results suggest that this is partially provided by ES management, however, the creation of grassy margins along hedgerows could significantly improve bank vole abundance in pastoral landscapes.The creation of margins could also be significant in the conservation of field voles. Field vole numbers in the UK are in decline believed to be due to the loss of rough grass habitat in intensively managed arable regions (Harris et al., 1995 Love et al., 2000). Field voles are specialists and depend upon rough, ungrazed grassland within woodland and hedgerows. Field voles are generally only found within areas of long grass (Alibhai and Gipps, 1991b). Very a couple of(prenominal) captures of field voles were recorded within this experiment, however all field voles captures occurred within hedgerows flanked by conservation buffer strips. The presence of a buffer strip may provide the field voles

Analysis of UBS Stock Price Essay -- UBS Financial Case Study

BS Analysis UBS Financials The table below presents a few of the most weighty financial key statistics of UBS as of 11 Mar 2014 (currency in USD). Income StatementRevenue (TTM)33.43BRevenue (Quarterly YOY Growth)1.95%EPS Diluted (TTM)0.8985Net Income (TTM)3.651BProfitabilityProfit Margin (Quarterly)14.50%DividendDividend father1.36%Dividend0.28Current ValuationMarket Cap 80.45BEnterprise Value64.84BPrice to Book Value1.494P/E (TTM)23.6 EPS (TTM)0.89OtherBeta1.79 figure of speech 1 - UBS Financial Key StatisticsUBS Strategy & Achievements Given the changing operating and regulatory environment and the issues encountered as described in section 2 above, UBS has finalized a advanced strategy for the group at the end of 2011 in order to properly address such challenges according to the Board Members & CEO letter to shareholders included in spite of appearance the 2012 Annual Report. The board members and CEO considered this strategy should focus on the firms guiding principles re garding client focus, capital strength, enhanced risk controls and concentration on improving operational efficiency. The business of UBS will continue to focus on wealth management businesses and leading universal bank in Switzerland, complemented by orbiculate Asset Management and the Investment Bank. Acting upon this strategy, several group-wide cost reduction and efficiency measures were implemented while operational risk controls were also highly strengthened. angiotensin-converting enzyme of the main focus points of the bank was the implementation of the new Basel III requirements and has reached the following levels of performance as of end of 2012ItemUBS (end of 2012)Basel III Requirement Equity grade 1 ratio (fully applied)9... .... All in all, I believe investing in UBS shares for long-term is a good strategy for obtaining higher future returns. industrial plant Cited http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UBS , 11 March 2014 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UBS , 11 March 2014 F inancial Stability Board, Peer Review of Switzerland, Review Report, 2012, https//www.financialstabilityboard.org/publications/r_250112.htm Financial Stability Board, Peer Review of Switzerland, Review Report, 2012, https//www.financialstabilityboard.org/publications/r_250112.htm Figure taken from 2012 UBS Annual Report http//ycharts.com/companies/UNLYF , 11 March 2014 https//www.google.com/finance?q=nyseUBS, 13 March 2014 2012 UBS Annual Report Fourth Quarter 2013 UBS Report http//www.ubs.com/1/e/unauthorizedtrading.html, 11 March 2014 Zacks Investment Research, www.zacks.com, 15 Jan 2014

Psychedelic Music, Its Origins, and Its Effects on Music Today Essay

Psychedelic Music, Its Origins and Its Effects on Music TodayPsychedelia in medicine has been around for a long epoch and has changed much of the popular music of today. The dictionary definition of psychedelic is, of or noting a mental state characterized by a profound sense of increase sensory perception, sometimes accompanied by severe perceptual distortion and hallucinations and by extreme feelings of either euphoria or despair. It started in the 1960s with the denudation of LSD and use of other psychedelic drugs. Psychedelia did not only affect music, it affected people, cities, and the way people think.LSD, which was the catalyst for psychedelic music, was discovered on April 16, 1943, by Albert Hofmann. For months he had been studying ergot, a fungus that grows on rye, and synthesizing lysergic acid for possible use to help migraines. On his twenty-fifth try, he made LSD-25, and after his work he began to feel dizzy. He assumed he had the flu, so he went home. I perc eived an uninterrupted stream of fantastic pictures, extraordinary shapes with intense kaleidoscopic take to the woods of colors, Hofmann wrote in his biography LSD, My Problem Child. After some two hours, this condition faded away. He then knew that it was not the flu that made him dizzy, so he tried LSD again and got the same results. After this, he and his staff began to use LSD on themselves and soon LSD was used in psychotherapy. straightaway that LSD was created, psychedelic music would soon follow (DeRogatis 2-4).The birth date of psychedelic rock music, as far as it can be known, was in 1966. Many bands started making songs with psychedelic references. In may of 1966, the Beach Boys released Pet Sounds, which was inspired by their experimentation... ... constantly-changing names, but ravers do not care. Ravers do not condense on the performing artist like at rock concerts, they just listen to the beat of the music, and dance (DeRogatis 431-439). Psychedelic music has expanded peoples minds since the 1960s. It has given people a way to express themselves, and it has helped people to relate to each other. Psychedelic music revolutionized the way music is recorded, played, and listened to. Without psychedelic music, modern music would not be the same. Works CitedJimi Hendrix Biography. Biography. 2006. 6 May 2007 search/article.do?id=9334756.DeRogatis, Jim. Turn On Your Mind. Milwaukee Hal Leonard Corporation, 1996.Scaruffi, Piero. The History of Rock Music 1966-1969. History of Rock Music. 2002. 6 May 2007